domingo, agosto 20, 2006

LA CASA DE TU VIDA

Hoy toca "ladrillo", y nunca mejor dicho. Es un articulo largo, pero os aseguro que os toca de pleno a la mayoria de vosotros. Feliz lectura... si podeis


"El pinchazo español dañará al resto de Europa",
por Matthew Lynn

Aquí va el articulito traducido del inglés. Os vais a asustar y MUCHO:

21 de junio (Bloomberg) -- Se está preocupando por los desequilibrios mundiales?

Entonces quite su mirada de los Estados Unidos. Es por España por lo que debería de preocuparse.

Durante una década, los españoles han estado montados en una marea de dinero barato, alimentando un boom en la construcción, los inmuebles y ahora las fusiones y adquisiciones. No puede faltar mucho para que esta marea se dé la vuelta. Cuando lo haga, seguramente la suciedad quedará al aire -- no sólo para España sino para toda Europa.

"España seguirá creciendo hasta que se derrumbe bajo su propio peso", avisó Charles Dumas, jefe de investigación internacional de una consultora londinense llamada Lombard Street Research, durante un seminario la pasada semana. "Cuándo esto ocurrirá no lo sé, pero será bastante desagradable cuando lo haga".

En la superficie, la economía española es robusta comparada con sus vecinas. Según estima el Fondo Monetario Internacional, su economía crecerá un 3.3% en 2006, comparado con el 3.4% del año pasado. En la última década, la economía española casi se ha doblado en tamaño, y ha superado la media de crecimiento de la zona durante 11 años seguidos. Desde un retraso relativo, España ha eliminado rápidamente la distancia con el resto de Europa Occidental.

Profundicemos un poco y veremos que las cosas no son tan de color de rosa. El alimento para el crecimiento rápido de España ha sido mayormente el colosal estímulo monetario desde la entrada en el euro. El Banco Central Europeo pone los tipos de interés sobre todo para las deprimidas economías de Alemania y Francia, no para la recalentada España. Los tipos de interés se han mantenido bajos, permitiendo a los españoles ir cargándose de deudas.

La inflación española es ahora del 4%, mientras que los tipos de interés están en el 2.75%. Dado que los tipos están por debajo de la inflación, los créditos son, de hecho, gratis.

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Los españoles han sido raudos, y han estado enterrando dinero en los inmuebles. Los precios de las viviendas han crecido más del 12% en 2005, y más del 16% en 2004, según indica el Banco de España. Lo primero que cualquier visitante percibe son seguramente los bosques de grúas, y el incansable estribillo de los martillos mecánicos.

En el corto plazo, esto es genial. En el medio plazo da mayores problemas.

"El rendimiento económico de España es insostenible", escribió Angus McCrone, un economista del Centre for Economics and Business Research, de Londres, en una nota a los inversores.

La tensión puede verse en un déficit comercial que ha entrado en una espiral sin control. Desde un déficit del 3.6% del PIB en 2003, según cálculos de la Organización para la Cooperación Económica y el Desarrollo, con sede en París, hasta el 8.9% del PIB al que va a llegar este año. El año que viene crecerá hasta el 9.8%. Porque España no puede producir tanto como consume, y eso la lleva a importar cada vez más y más.

Tomar medidas

Sin el euro, los mercados hubiesen empezado a tomar medidas para corregir el desequilibrio. Los inversores hubiesen hecho caer el precio de la moneda, haciendo las importaciones más caras y las exportaciones más baratas -- algo parecido a lo que ha estado pasando en los Estados Unidos, que tiene un déficit relativo más pequeño que España.

En España, esto no está ocurriendo. Dentro de la eurozona, el tipo de cambio no puede alterarse. Exteriormente, el euro ha estado subiendo, no bajando. La única forma para España de equilibrar su economía es a través de un largo periodo de bajo crecimiento, aumentando el desempleo y enfriando la demanda. ¿El detonante más probable? Un hundimiento del mercado inmobiliario.

Si eso ocurre, no serán sólo los españoles los que sentirán las consecuencias.

La locomotora europea

En décadas pasadas, España puede haber sido periférica en la economía europea. Francia, Alemania e Italia eran los países que contaban. Pero ya no más. Según los cálculos de Lombard Street, entre 2003 y 2005 el 39% del crecimiento de la zona euro vino desde España. Sin él, Europa casi no habría crecido.

Cuando España entre en crisis, mucho del crecimiento de la zona euro va a desaparecer de golpe.

Peor, el barato dinero español se ha ido esparciendo por el resto de Europa. El Grupo Ferrovial ha llegado hace poco a un acuerdo para pagar un poco más de 10.000 millones de libras (18.300 millones de dólares) por BAA Plc, el operador de aeropuertos del Reino Unido como Heathrow. El Grupo Ferrovial es ahora la constructora más importante del mundo.

Abertis Infraestructuras planea comprar la mayor empresa de autopistas de Italia, Autostrade SpA, por 12.700 millones de euros. De hecho, de las cinco mayores compras en Europa este año, alguna compañía española ha estado implicada en tres de ellas. A este ritmo, muchas de las infraestructuras de Europa van a caer en manos españolas.

Cuando la crisis inevitable llegue, las compañías españolas no van a estar en tan buena forma. Con su economía doméstica entrando en recesión, ganar dinero será complicado. Algunos no sobrevivirán. Cuando esto ocurra, las compañías que han comprado serán exprimidas de la misma manera. Algunas no sobrevivirán.

Ahora mismo es seguramente demasiado tarde para esperar un suave aterrizaje en España. El problema es que muy pronto los problemas de España van a ser los del resto de Europa también y arreglar el embolado puede tardar años.



Fuente: Blumber

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